ICS 120 - Anything from the Moors to Pancho Villa Term Paper

ICS 120 - Anything from the Moors to Pancho Villa - Term Paper Example However, the Vandals and Byzantine rulers failed to penetrate the interior that still under the Moorish control. The Berbers were also able to resist domination by the warring Arab armies that kept attacking them from the East. However, this resistance did not last long as the Moors became Islamised by 700 CE (Nicolle 22). The Islamic Moors were able to defeat and take control of much of Iberia by 711 CE. They named peninsula area the Al Indulus. They tried to move northeast towards and across the Pyrenees Mountains but they were revolted by Frank Charles and his army in 732 CE at the Battle of Poitiers. The Moors were ruled over Iberia for several years, converting several of the original inhabitants into Islam (Sertima 65). A small Christain Iberian Kingdom known as the Austrias started the reconquista, or Inquisition, in the 8th century. Slowly they were able to spread their control over the north and western parts of Iberia. By the 13th century, a group of Christian leaders were able to drive out the Islamic Moors from the central part of the peninsula. Although most of the Iberian area fell under foreign control, the Moor’s Kingdom of Granada in the south thrived for three hundred more years. During the late half of the 15th century, a mass exodus from the peninsula was caused by forced conversion into Catholicism. This led to the decline of the powerful Al-Indulus into small fiefdoms which were known as taifas. These fiefdoms were consolidated in part under the Cordoba Caliphate (Nicolle 55). During the wars of Inquisition, many of the Moors chose to remain in Spain and were converted to Christianity. They were heavily persecuted by King Phillip and his armies if and when they were thought to be practising Islam in secret. They revolted in 1568 and this led to more persecutions. Eventually, they were expelled from Spain. Although

Engine performance and Efficiensy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engine performance and Efficiensy - Coursework Example Momentum drag is the negative thrust (force) opposing the jet thrust or motion through air, it is also referred to as the ram drag. It is a product of the incoming air (flow rate) and the velocity via which it is fed to the jet engine. It is normally denoted as Ti or To. Mathematically, it is the difference between the gross and net thrust (Momentum drag = Gross thrust – Net thrust) (Farokhi 290). It is computed as (Gunston 187): Momentum drag is the opposition the aircraft experiences as it surges through the air. to the engine, it may be referred to as the ‘friction’ experienced by the engine as it propels the aircraft forwards. Net thrust is the resultant aerodynamic force that causes propulsion of an aircraft in air, which is represented by the summation nozzle thrust and momentum of motion. It is a result of the propulsion system, engine, overcoming momentum drag. It is thus the difference between the gross thrust and the momentum drag on the engine of an aircraft (Net thrust = Gross thrust – Maximum drag) (El-Sayed 125). It is usually denoted by T and is calculated as follows: The aircraft thrust is influenced by the airflow into the engine. A change in the rate of airflow triggers a resultant thrust alteration. In the case of net thrust, the increase in the aircrafts speed results to an increase for air fed into the engine, resulting to a higher output (Cumpsty 193). With static thrust, the environmental factors tend to determine the ability of the craft to engage in motion. With static thrust, the air speed is kept constant and is not affected by the crafts motion thus differing from the net thrust. b) Calculate the net thrust of a turbo jet flying at 150 M/S with an air mass flow of 50 Kg/S and a jet stream velocity of 300 M/S with a chocked nozzle. The residual gas pressure in the jet stream is 45 KPa gauge, the nozzle area is 0.2M2. It is evident from the derived